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Non-genetic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 页码 319-332 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0569-9
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients and is characterized by thickened glomerular basement membrane, increased extracellular matrix formation, and podocyte loss. These phenomena lead to proteinuria and altered glomerular filtration rate, that is, the rate initially increases but progressively decreases. DN has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its prevalence shows a rapid growth trend and causes heavy social and economic burden in many countries. However, this disease is multifactorial, and its mechanism is poorly understood due to the complex pathogenesis of DN. In this review, we highlight the new molecular insights about the pathogenesis of DN from the aspects of immune inflammation response, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, epigenetics, and podocyte–endothelial communication. This work offers groundwork for understanding the initiation and progression of DN, as well as provides ideas for developing new prevention and treatment measures.
关键词: diabetic nephropathy immune inflammatory response epithelial–mesenchymal transition apoptosis mitochondrial damage epigenetics podocyte–endothelial communication
Tangchun Wu
《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 页码 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4
《医学前沿(英文)》 页码 878-888 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0993-y
关键词: uveal melanoma liver-directed therapy immune checkpoint blockade SIRT anti-PD-1 anti-CTLA-4
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期 页码 1-5 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0309-3
Hyperthermia is a condition characterized by increased body temperature as a consequence of failed thermoregulation. Hyperthermia occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Hyperthermia also elicits various effects on the physiology of living cells. For instance, fever-range temperature (39β°C to 40β°C) can modulate the activities of immune cells, including antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Heat shock temperature (41β°C to 43β°C) can increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Cytotoxic temperature (>43β°C) can create an antigen source to induce an anti-tumor immune response. The immunomodulatory effect of hyperthermia has promoted an interest in hyperthermia-aided immunotherapy, particularly against tumors. Hyperthermia has also been used to treat deep fungal, bacterial, and viral skin infections. We conducted a series of open or controlled trials to treat skin human papillomavirus infection by inducing local hyperthermia. More than half of the patients were significantly cured compared with those in the control trial. A series of challenging clinical cases, such as large lesions in pregnant patients or patients with diabetes mellitus, were also successfully and safely managed using the proposed method. However, further studies should be conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and promote the clinical applications of hyperthermia.
Jianpeng Liu, Xinhua Chen, Shusen Zheng
《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 页码 170-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0747-z
关键词: nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immune response recurrence metastasis
Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host immune responses in COVID-19
《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 页码 263-275 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0921-6
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 页码 471-479 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0602-z
Several universal influenza virus vaccine candidates based on eliciting antibodies against the hemagglutinin stalk domain are in development. Typically, these vaccines induce responses that target group 1 or group 2 hemagglutinins with little to no cross-group reactivity and protection. Similarly, the majority of human anti-stalk monoclonal antibodies that have been isolated are directed against group 1 or group 2 hemagglutinins with very few that bind to hemagglutinins of both groups. Here we review what is known about the human humoral immune response to vaccination and infection with H7 subtype influenza viruses on a polyclonal and monoclonal level. It seems that unlike vaccination with H5 hemagglutinin, which induces antibody responses mostly restricted to the group 1 stalk domain, H7 exposure induces both group 2 and cross-group antibody responses. A better understanding of this phenomenon and the underlying mechanisms might help to develop future universal influenza virus vaccine candidates.
关键词: universal influenza virus vaccine hemagglutinin stalk H7N9
Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0384-0
Metformin has been widely used as a first-line anti-diabetic medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a drug that primarily targets the liver, metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production (HGP), serving as the main mechanism by which metformin improves hyperglycemia of T2D. Biochemically, metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis and stimulates glycolysis. Metformin also inhibits glycogenolysis, which is a pathway that critically contributes to elevated HGP. While generating beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, metformin also improves insulin resistance and corrects dyslipidemia in patients with T2D. These beneficial effects of metformin implicate a role for metformin in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. As supported by the results from both human and animal studies, metformin improves hepatic steatosis and suppresses liver inflammation. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of metformin on hepatic aspects are mediated through both adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways. In addition, metformin is generally safe and may also benefit patients with other chronic liver diseases.
关键词: metformin diabetes hepatic steatosis inflammatory response insulin resistance
Heterologous expression of signal protein 14-3-3 in and the subsequent immune response in mice
ZHENG Meijuan, SHEN Jilong, LUO Qingli, XU Yuanhong
《医学前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期 页码 95-99 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0017-y
关键词: development challenging rSj14-3-3 resistance cultural supernatant
Construction and humoral immune response of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2 DNA vaccine
Jianqing PAN PhD, Qin ZHANG MD, Daowen WANG MD, PhD,
《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第4期 页码 390-395 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0087-5
关键词: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma humoral immunity
Programming CAR T cells to enhance anti-tumor efficacy through remodeling of the immune system
Xiaohui Wang, Zhiqiang Wu, Wei Qiu, Ping Chen, Xiang Xu, Weidong Han
《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 页码 726-745 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0746-0
关键词: CAR T cells immunoregulatory molecules endogenous immune response solid malignancies
《医学前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1016-8
关键词: p53 mutation triple-negative breast cancer decitabine DNMT1 IRF7 innate immune response
Improved dissolution and anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen by solid dispersion
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第2期 页码 195-203 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0189-3
The purpose of this study was to improve the dissolution rate and anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen by a solid dispersion (SD) method. Initial screening was developed based on drug solubility in carriers in the liquid state to select a suitable water-soluble carrier system for the preparation of SDs. The dissolution of ibuprofen in urea was higher than in PEG4000 or mannitol. Thus, urea was selected as the carrier for the preparation of SDs. SDs were characterized in terms of dissolution, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Solid dispersion-based (SDBT) and conventional (CT) tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method. The anti-inflammatory effect of SDBT was evaluated using the mouse ear edema test with xylene. In vitro release results indicated that the ibuprofen dissolution rate was improved by the SD. SD characterization results suggested that ibuprofen partly precipitates in crystalline and amorphous forms after SD preparation and that ibuprofen and urea do not interact. SDBT displayed more significant anti-inflammatory effects than CT. The dissolution rate and anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen were significantly enhanced by the ibuprofen-urea SD.
关键词: ibuprofen solid dispersion physical mixture dissolution anti-inflammatory effect
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0377-z
In obesity, chronic inflammation is believed to induce insulin resistance and impairs adipose tissue function. Although this view is supported by a large body of literature, it has been challenged by growing evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor insulin sensitivity through induction of energy expenditure. In this review article, interleukin 15 (IL-15) is used as a new example to explain the beneficial effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-15 is secreted by multiple types of cells including macrophages, neutrophils and skeletal muscle cells. IL-15 expression is induced in immune cells by endotoxin and in muscle cells by physical exercise. Its transcription is induced by transcription factor NF-κB. IL-15 binds to its receptor that contains three different subunits (α, β and γ) to activate JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB and JNK/AP1 pathways in cells. In the regulation of metabolism, IL-15 reduces weight gain without inhibiting food intake in rodents. IL-15 suppresses lipogenesis, stimulates brown fat function, improves insulin sensitivity through weight loss and energy expenditure. In human, circulating IL-15 is negatively associated with body weight. In the immune system, IL-15 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. In the anti-obesity effects of IL-15, T cells and NK cells are not required, but leptin receptor is required. In summary, evidence from human and rodents supports that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 may enhance energy expenditure to protect the body from obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IL-15 action remains to be fully uncovered in the regulation of energy expenditure.
关键词: inflammation obesity cytokine energy expenditure insulin resistance
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 页码 480-489 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0594-8
Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation indicates that the immune responses elicited by natural HIV-1 infection may play a role in curb of superinfection; however, these responses are not sufficiently strong to completely prevent superinfection. Thus, a successful HIV-1 vaccine likely needs to induce more potent and broader immune responses than those elicited by primary infection. On the other hand, potent and broad neutralization responses are more often detected after superinfection than during monoinfection. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies are more likely induced by sequential immunization of multiple different immunogens than with only one form of envelope glycoprotein immunogens. Understanding why the protection from superinfection by immunity induced by primary infection is insufficient and if superinfection can lead to cross-reactive immune responses will be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine design.
关键词: human immunodeficiency virus type I superinfection incidence immune response
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges
Tangchun Wu
期刊论文
Liver-directed treatment is associated with improved survival and increased response to immune checkpoint
期刊论文
Hyperthermia on skin immune system and its application in the treatment of human papillomavirus-infected
null
期刊论文
Immune response triggered by the ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma with nanosecond pulsed electric
Jianpeng Liu, Xinhua Chen, Shusen Zheng
期刊论文
Universal influenza virus vaccines: what can we learn from the human immune response following exposure
null
期刊论文
Heterologous expression of signal protein 14-3-3 in and the subsequent immune response in mice
ZHENG Meijuan, SHEN Jilong, LUO Qingli, XU Yuanhong
期刊论文
Construction and humoral immune response of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2 DNA vaccine
Jianqing PAN PhD, Qin ZHANG MD, Daowen WANG MD, PhD,
期刊论文
Programming CAR T cells to enhance anti-tumor efficacy through remodeling of the immune system
Xiaohui Wang, Zhiqiang Wu, Wei Qiu, Ping Chen, Xiang Xu, Weidong Han
期刊论文
Decitabine induces -mediated immune responses in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer: a clinical
期刊论文
Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes
null
期刊论文